Descartes Dreaming Argument And The Demon Argument

In this essay, I will explore and analyse Descartes’ dreaming argument and his evil demon argument. I will assess both arguments taking into account their validity and soundness whilst also considering the objections that one may have. In order to weigh up these arguments, it is important to understand Descartes’ reasons for formulating them: Descartes’ believes that it is important to be certain of the things that one believes to be true which, in turn, causes him to question the things that he has been certain of thus far. Because of this, he forms these arguments to further consider his theories about doubt and what it is to be truly certain of anything. The dreaming argument is a product of Descartes’ First Meditations in which he†¦show more content†¦While it can be said that premise 1 is true, many people disagree strongly with premise 2. Descartes claims that we cannot be certain that we are not dreaming, but our dreaming experiences and our waking experiences are dissimilar. Our dreams often do not make sense and do not fit into a consistent and comprehensible timeline of events unlike our waking experiences. Even in circumstances where dreams are vivid and seem real for a short period of time, we are able to recall these dreams and acknowledge that they were not real life events. On the other hand, this view can be challenged by recognising we appear to be awake when we think about our dreams, but Descartes objective is to make the reader consider if it is possible that even the process of waking and reflecting upon a dream is part of the dream itself, thus reinforcing the idea that we are unable to differentiat e between dreaming and being awake. The final limitation of this argument that I would like to discuss within this essay is its paradoxical nature. Although the premises of this argument appear reasonable, the conclusion seems ridiculous. While the conclusion does follow from the premises, creating a valid argument, the conclusion remains arguably unacceptable. In his First Meditations, Descartes also forms the evil demon argument. Much like the dreaming argument, the evil demon argument also focuses on doubt and the extent to which we can trust our senses.Show MoreRelatedThe Strengths And Weaknesses Of Descartes Dreaming Argument And Evil Demon Argument1430 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will attempt to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Descartes’ dreaming argument and evil demon argument. Through discussion, I will show why the evil demon argument is more plausible than the dreaming argument. The essay will give a brief definition of the two arguments and explain why these arguments are important. Then I will discuss the two arguments, considering both sides and referencing previous work by other philosophers. I will conclude with a short summary of the topics coveredRead MoreThe Dreaming Argument And The Evil Demon Argument1271 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes organised his ideas on knowledge and skepticism to establish tw o main arguments, the dreaming argument and the evil demon argument. The dreaming argument suggests that it is not possible to distinguish between having a waking experience and dreaming an experience. Whereas, the evil demon argument suggests that we are deceived in all areas of our experiences by an evil demon. This essay will investigate the validity of the arguments and to what extent the conclusion of these arguments isRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes Dreaming Argument812 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes dreaming argument suggests that perhaps our senses cannot be fully trusted because we cannot be certain we are not dreaming, and this means we therefore cannot be certain of anything. His evil demon argument is similar but uses the idea of an evil demon deceiving you instead of your senses. These sceptical arguments mean that we cannot be certain of anything at all for it may be happening whilst we are dreaming, or we are being tricked into thinking it is happening. I do not agree withRead MoreAn Analysis Of Descartes And The Dreaming Argument1390 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will take a look at Descartes Dreaming argument and Evil Demon argument. As well as discussing their weaknesses and strengths to later decide which argument is the best. Despite my belief of subjective truths, the reason for doing this is to establish both arguments on an equal basis and to determine which would be best in an argument. The Dreaming argument first showed up in Descartes First Meditation, where he focusses on the task to educate himself on his own doubt. When meditatingRead MoreThe Mind Argument And The Evil Demon Argument1218 Words   |  5 PagesRenÃ'  Descartes is known to be the â€Å"founder of modern philosophy† aswell as a man who was superior in the scientific revolution. As a catholic and a man of science he wanted to show how the scientific world had space for God and freedom which hence led to the Mediditions published in 1641. In the first meditation Descartes introduces the idea that in order for him to establish anything in the sciences which is â€Å"stable and likely to last† he must build truths of which he can be certain. In order toRead MoreThe Dream Inside Of A Dream By Christopher Nolan1683 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Paper: Descartes The possibility of having a dream inside of a dream is an idea that has been discussed far and wide. However, before Inception came out in 2010 by director Christopher Nolan, many people in the modern world may not have ever considered this idea. Nonetheless, this idea of â€Å"a dream inside a dream† has been around since 1640, when Rene Descartes published Meditations. In Inception, Christopher Nolan uses Descartes ideas to enhance the storyline of his film. In this paperRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Cogito Ergo Sum : I Think Therefore, I Am1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthink therefore, I am. Descartes’ paradigm-shifting assertion that the foundational belief and the only purely true instance of knowledge we possess is that we are a thinking thing and our mind’s ability to think is true. This is the quintessential belief of Cartesian skepticism, or whether we can know anything with certainty, and is achieved through a perspective of understanding external wo rld knowledge rooted in doubting wholeheartedly what our senses say is true. Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on MethodRead MoreDescartes Dreaming Argument1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe topic of this essay is Descartes’ First Meditations and I will be discussing in detail the Dreaming argument and the Evil Demon argument. According to Descartes’, â€Å"As I think about this more carefully, I see plainly that there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep.† This is the fundamental principle of the Dreaming Argument. The scenarios in which we experience whilst we are asleep are comparable to the scenarios we experience whilst weRead MoreThe Existence Of Evil Demon1020 Words   |  5 PagesMeditation 1, the philosopher Rene Descartes centers on the idea that senses can not be trusted. Since in the past senses deceived him and let to false beliefs. Therefore his main concern is to erase all of the false beliefs he held to be true by analyzing and questioning which of them should be unreliable. Descartes, then, creates a new belief system in which all of the beliefs are correct. By doing this, he eliminates the doubt by arguing the possibility of an evil demon that is capable of deceivingRead MoreRene Descartes And Skepticism Argument763 Words   |  4 Pagesis the theory that knowledge is impossible without certainty. Rene Descartes aimed to prove skepticism wrong by using his method of hyperbolic doubt, which stated that you should only believe certain things that are immune from doubt and throw out anything that may be doubted. In his mediations, he then came up with two different arguments from this method: the dream argument, and the evil demon argument. These skeptical arguments are not intended to be a denial of his basic beliefs, but rather a

What is Henna Essay - 1002 Words

Henna is a very old art, from over 5000 years ago. It is used in many traditions cultures and countries. It is so old that historians cannot definitely say where it originated from. It is used as a way of self expression, and for joyous occasions. This essay will be stating information about the history, uses, medicinal uses, the traditions and beliefs of Henna and the different styles in which Henna can be painted. What is henna? Henna is the word describing the process of painting patterns on the body and it also refers to the plant Lawsonia Inermis. Lawsonia Inermis is the plant used for making the henna paste. It is a flowering tree that grows 12 to 15 feet tall,†¦show more content†¦Lastly, Arabic henna designs. Arabic Henna designs are very open, usually the designs include vines going up your hands with flowers and leaves. Nowadays Arabic Henna designs are including more indian elements, keeping it simple yet elegant. These Indian Arabic fusion designs usually go diagonally through your palm in one line. So instead of traditional South Asian designs where the whole palm is full, the fusion designs take South Asian Complexity and go up your palm diagonally, and up one finger. Uses of Henna Believe it or not Henna was not always an art, henna was a crucial part of desert life , until someone discovered that it could be drawn into patterns. Historians think that Henna was first used as far back as 5000 years ago, in Ancient Egypt. Egyptians used henna on their nails and hair, henna was also used to dye animal skins, textiles, and mens facial hair(About Henna). Once the henna plants cooling properties were discovered, painting the skin became a way for people who lived in the desert in India to cool down there body. Henna is known to cool down the body a whole degree, because of the Hennotannic acid contained in the henna leaves and stem. It cools your body down the most efficiently if applied on the palms of the hands or the soles of feet. There are also many medical uses of Henna. Such as to kill ringworms and head lice, act as a sunscreen, stomach pains, burnsShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Project On The Art Of Henna1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe goal of my personal pr oject was to research and learn the art of henna. I created a documentary on researching and the process of learning henna as a product of my goal. The inspiration for my goal was my interest in the art of henna and my desire to learn more about its history. In addition, attending occasions where I saw henna being applied to others increased my desire to learn how to do it myself. Moreover, I wanted to create a project pertaining to an aspect from my own culture in orderRead MoreHenna and Old Lady1502 Words   |  7 PagesHenna in Arab countries and India Henna is a type of  temporary tattoo  that dyes the skin for several weeks. Henna is made out of a plant that is dried, ground to a dust and then made in to a paste by adding essential oils. Henna got its start in the Arab culture and remains popular to this day and growing in popularity in other countries. The paste that is made is placed into a cone or bag that closely resembles that used by cake decorators. The paste is applied to the skin in intricate designsRead MoreAnalysis : Deep Cleansing Massage1408 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment that includes delicately pouring fluids over the temple and can be one of the strides required in Panchakarma. The name originates from the Sanskrit words shiro (head) and dhara (stream). The fluids utilized as a part of shirodhara rely on upon what is being dealt with, yet can incorporate oil, milk, buttermilk, coconut water, or even plain water. Shirodhara has been utilized to treat an assortment of conditions including eye maladies, sinusitis, unfavorably susceptible rhinitis, turning grayRead MoreAfghan Wedding Tradition 1337 Words   |  6 Pagesa haste. When a young man wants to marry a young lady who is from an unknown family, first his parents do some kind of background check about her, trying to know more about her morals, beauty, and other family affairs. If they are contented with what they find, his parents will send a female family member or a relative to her house in order to understand, indirectly or directly, and would disclose the proposal, if the situation is favorable. This consultation process takes some time, and a dateRead MoreAn Unknown Girl by Moniza Alvi1883 Words   |  7 Pagesand changes in tone to explore different aspects of the concept of identity. Moniza Alvi uses the format of the poem to illustrate how the speaker’s identity is split between East and West. The poem itself is centered in the middle of the page. From what the reader knows of Moniza Alvi, they can deduce that the centering of the poem is symbolic of her own division between the Pakistani and Eastern aspects of her identity, and its more pronounced English and Western aspects. The poem is evenly placedRead MoreSouth Asian Culture1010 Words   |  5 Pages speaking to the idea of white imperialism and white supremacy. Through a testimonial from Madonna regarding her MTV appearance for her single â€Å"Frozen,† where she performed â€Å"pseudo-Bharatanatyam moves with henna painted hands,† she gushed about her henna artist, saying that â€Å"when [she] hennas my hands and feet, I am transported to another time and place. A world of magic, passion, and romance† (Maira 137). While some may see this description of South Asian culture flat tering, it completely clarifiesRead MoreCultural Appropriation Is Inevitable Like Globalization1546 Words   |  7 PagesInto In the summer people wear flower crowns and get excited for the music festivals that come with the season. Their hair is in braids and they have henna sticker tattoos on them. Tanned, smiling and holding hands they head towards the festival s entrance. One could say this is the new version of the â€Å"Flower Power† era from the nineteen sixties and seventies (). However people continue to make the same mistake as the generation before, people decorate themselves with culturally significant itemsRead MoreAn Unknown Girl Analysis1379 Words   |  6 Pagesstall, getting her hand decorated by henna by a mysterious ‘unknown’ girl who works for a few rupees. As time passes and colors fade away, the persona imagines that the mannequins in the shop windows are staring at her. As the design is completed and a peacock unfurls its feathers on the palm of her hand, the persona feels that she has achieved a new identity, with the henna running in her veins. She desperately tries to hold on to the intricate lines of henna unwilling to let go and she thinks thatRead MoreWhat s Good About Palestine1561 Words   |  7 Pagesand put it towards the wedding. After the engagement party, the couple must do a henna party. A henna party is where the bride wears a thob, the traditional dress, and gets henna tattoos. As stated before, some people combine the engagement party and henna party into one party and some people do it separately. The henna party must be the day before the wedding, but the engagement party does not. The night of the henna party, the groom throws an all guys, all night, party; where him and his guy friendsRead MoreThe Punjabi Culture : A Culture That May Not Be Known About Outside Of The Original Culture1668 Words   |  7 Pagesspecific traditional reason. Another tradition is called Mehndi. Henna which is dye or paste that is derived from the henna tree is then placed on the brides hands and the darker it is the more the mother in law likes her according to Amritapreet. In the article â€Å"Wedding Ceremonies in Punjab† The author Kristina Myrvold explains that the bride and her friends that are not married create the Mehndi designs or seek professional henna painters. Myrvold claims that it is a tradition that deals with good

Discuss the view that the Civil Service has too much influence over policy Free Essays

The Civil service is the administrative branch of the UK government, set with dealing with the everyday running of the country, rather than a ministerial role, which focus on only some areas. It is they that carry out the more mundane roles, although some Civil Servants do have more exciting life styles with jobs such as testing weaponry that is to be bought by the Ministry of Defence. The Civil Service is to advise ministers on the decisions that need to be made, to brief ministers on the issues involved and to present options to make the minister’s decision making easier. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the view that the Civil Service has too much influence over policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now At no stage though should Civil Servants be responsible for decision making. There is a clear dividing line between the decision-making role of the minister and the supporting role of the Civil Servant. as Margaret Thatcher put it ‘Civil Servants advise; ministers decide’. Servants are not elected and because of this they should not have the power to make decisions. Decision making is the responsibility of the politicians and it is they who should take responsibility for the success or failures of departmental policy and they should not be held accountable for their advice or for departmental policy. In the case of policy errors or mistakes in implementation it is the minister who has to resign, not the Civil Servant – the Civil Servant should not be held responsible because they have no role in decision making. This can be seen through the resignation In April 2004 of Beverly Hughes. She forced to resign as minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Counter Terrorism when it was shown that she had been informed of procedural improprieties concerning the granting of visas to certain categories of workers from Eastern Europe. While this cannot wholly be seen as their fault, it was they, not the civil servants that advised them that had to resign over the events, due to the fact that they are responsible for the final decision. Ministers have a large workload and have limited time as is shown by the fact that the Core hours in the House of Commons are until 10pm on some evenings, and parliamentary debates sometimes continue into the night, with Ministers having added Committees to sit on and other government business to attend to, as a result, they rely heavily on their Civil Service advice and this puts the Civil Servants into a privileged and influential position. Any advisor should have some influence, if they don’t there is not much point in them being there. However, if ministers lack the time to check Civil Servants’ advice, the danger is that they will become a mouthpiece for Civil Service policies. Civil Servants also have the opportunity to ‘control’ the minister by restricting the supply of information to him or by presenting it in such a way as to limit his options, as was shown by the limited information given to Beverly Hughes. It would be wrong to suggest that this happens often, it remains true that the Civil Service has considerable power. This is deemed as the Minister having gone native and in October 2010, claims were made that Jeremy Hunt had â€Å"gone native†. Also, when Alan Johnson took position of the Home Secretary, he had relatively little experience in the policy of governing the UK and was therefore more reliant on the Civil Service than he may have chosen to be. Manipulation of information may occur. Ministers, such as Alan Johnson, rely on officials to supply them with background facts upon which to base decisions. Skilful officials may be able to present statistics and research findings in a way as to influence final conclusions There is evidence to suggest that the civil service has been politicised due to the increase of special advisers with too much power. It can be argued that Special Advisers can work effectively with civil servants, and it is a relationship of mutual benefit, not a matter of regret. The role of the UK Civil Service is to help the Government of the day develop and carry out their policies and administer the public services for which they are responsible. Ministers have to be able to trust civil servants to be discreet otherwise politicians may feel the need to surround themselves with political appointees whose main virtue is their loyalty to that politician rather than having ability to formulate good policy and then have it implemented. A special advisor can give more biased opinions and can be there to help the Minister, rather than the department, policy or government. Spin doctors such as Alistair Campbell had great influence over policy on the basis of how it would appear to the public, and this can be seen in particular over the time Blair spent talking to him, rather than to the Civil Service over plans for the Millennium. There is also evidence to suggest that individual departments to develop long term policies of their own. When a new minister of government comes to power, the department will seek to impose its own ‘culture’ upon them. The Treasury is most often suspected of such tactics, as it is notoriously opposed to increased public expenditure or any radical spending plans, caused by the fact that it has to keep the long term in mind, and the fact that a likely change in government will see most of the polices undone anyway, causing undue harm on the economy. If the senior Treasury officials can persuade each new Chancellor of the Exchequer of the virtues of keeping spending low, their influence automatically grows. An example of this was in 1999, when Chancellor Gordon Brown was resisting calls for extensive increases in spending on health and education, some critics suggested he had ‘gone native’, suggesting that Brown had been influenced by the Civil Servants, adopting their norm of behaviour and so losing his enthusiasm for spending. Overall, the Civil Service do have more power over policy than their supposed political neutrality should let them, but it is to be expected in the modern world of political advisors, and the competitive world which seeks public recognition. While the senior civil servants, due to the permanence and long serving nature do have a great deal of power, the average civil servant has less power, and is more reliant upon presentation of the facts in a favourable way then anything else, something which is true with Ministers and Government as a whole. How to cite Discuss the view that the Civil Service has too much influence over policy, Papers

Japanese Korean Styles Of Business Cengage -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Japanese Korean Styles Of Business Cengage? Answer: Introduction Our goals and aspirations as Telus telecommunications include unleashing the power of the internet with an aim of delivering the best solutions to Canadians on the move, in the workplace or even at home (Telus, 2011). Another aspiration of the company is to focus on core telecommunication business in Canada with support from outsourcing capabilities and international contact center. As a focused company, we tend to focus our strategies on the following areas; competition, technological substitution, economic growth and fluctuations, human resource development, acquisitions or divestitures, regulatory approvals and development, and business continuity events (Telus, 2011). The company will win by undertaking the following strategies; providing integrated solutions that differentiate the company from other competitors. For example, anytime data upgrade and changes to services as well as putting in place a robust customer care (Telus, 2011). Secondly, building national capabilities across wireless, voice, internet provider (IP), and data such as wireless and wireline. Besides, the company can win by focusing relentlessly on the growth markets of wireless, IP, and data. Fourth, the company can also win by creating partnerships, diversifying, and acquiring other companies to gain more control of the market (Telus, 2017). Another winning strategy is by investing in internal capabilities with an aim of building a high performance culture and customer excellence. Lastly, Telus can win by going to the market as one team under a common brand and focusing to execute a single strategy (Telus, 2017). The capabilities that should be in place for Telus to achieve its maiden goals are; building the culture for sustained competitive advantage, and striving to improve operational efficiency and effectiveness (Izzo, 2015). Additionally, the company can bank on the acceleration of leadership positions in healthcare information technology as well as increasing competitive advantage by investing in technology leadership (Telus, 2011). Lastly, the company delivers brand promise by putting customers first. Furthermore, for Telus to grow, management systems are required. According to Chen (2004), some of the management systems include; establishing a medium-term goalS and rolling with it. Another management strategy is keeping customers happy. This will help to retain them in both short-term and long-run (Izzo, 2015). Besides, having the right team in place to execute the company activities is a sure way of achieving greatness. Again, since finances are key drivers of company activities, considering financial implications of every decision will help Telus minimize losses that arise from uncalculated decisions. Lastly, defining quality control system will ensure that every activity or product from the company meets the market standard. As such, the company will remain afloat over the years. References Chen, M. (2004).Asian management systems: Chinese, Japanese and Korean styles of business. Cengage Learning EMEA. Izzo, J. (2015). Consistency drives success at Telus. Retrieved on February 21, 2018 from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00360?gko=32975 Telus. (2011). A passion for growth; 2011 annual report. Retrieved on February 21, 2018 from https://about.telus.com/investors/annualreport2011/files/pdf/en/financial_review/managem ents_discussion_and_analysis/mgmt-core-business-strategy.pdf Telus. (2017). A passion for growth; 2017 annual report. Retrieved on February 21, 2018 from https://assets.contentful.com/qqswi6c8cvkj/3jJHnnka6Q0oCSg6GyUUwc/d7ce5975d520 67ef836489088abe3ac4/TELUS_2017_Annual_MD_A.pdf